I have read the HTML5 specification, the microdata specification, and the WHATWG HTML5 (with microdata) specification. These are well written and easy to understand.
(Sorry, I didn't have enough reputation to post a comment.)
We're at the end of 2017 now. Somehow, the MDN webdocs (https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/itemprop)
and the schema docs (http://schema.org/telephone) still propose to use a content attribute on span using microdata. No html5 validator will accept this of course.