how are nullable types implemented under the hood in .net?

Question

In our own Jon Skeet\'s C# in depth, he discusses the 3 ways to simulate a \'null\' for value types:

• Magic value (e.g. earliest possible DateTime is taken to b

Answer 1

Ultimately, they are just a generic struct with a bool flag - except with special boxing rules. Because structs are (by default) initialized to zero, the bool defaults to false (no value):

public struct Nullable where T : struct {
    private readonly T value;
    private readonly bool hasValue;
    public Nullable(T value) {
        this.value = value;
        hasValue = true;
    }
    public T Value {
        get {
           if(!hasValue) throw some exception ;-p
           return value;
        }
    }
    public T GetValueOrDefault() { return value; }
    public bool HasValue {get {return hasValue;}}
    public static explicit operator T(Nullable value) {
        return value.Value; }
    public static implicit operator Nullable(T value) {
        return new Nullable(value); }
}

Extra differences, though:

• special boxing rules (you can't normally do this)
• special C# rules for comparing to null etc
• "lifted" operators in C# (and in .NET via EqualityComparer, Comparer etc)
• special rules on generic type constraints (to prevent Nullable>)