Aside from Java Applet, is there anyway we can read from an UDP socket? I know websockets are TCP sockets, but I need to communicate with a server via udp sockets, anything
You can use both TCP and UDP connections with the chrome.socket API, but this is only for Packaged Apps (i.e. apps that are bundled in a container to be run as desktop apps).
The API was available for a while for Chrome extensions, when it was in experimental status (see this answer, from a user who works at Google and was co-presenter for Packaged Apps at Google I/O 2012)