In my plugin I need to process the dependency hierarchy and get information (groupId, artifactId, version etc) about each dependency and if it was excluded. What is the best
Try to use Aether utility class from jcabi-aether to get a list of all dependencies of any artifact:
File repo = this.session.getLocalRepository().getBasedir();
Collection deps = new Aether(this.getProject(), repo).resolve(
new DefaultArtifact("junit", "junit-dep", "", "jar", "4.10"),
JavaScopes.RUNTIME
);