I cannot run run-as (or ndk-gdb) for the Galaxy S4 running Jellybean 4.2.2.
~ $ adb shell
shell@android:/ $ run-as a.b.c ls
run-as: Package \'a.b.c\' is un
One thing that ended up fixing my Nexus 7 from doing this, is installing different ADB drivers. I also re-flashed the device (though I am not sure if this was indeed what fixed it). As mentioned in another answer (mine) was that rooting would be required - when in fact, it did not help in my case either.