Difference between instantiation and specialization in c++ templates

Question

What is the difference between specialization and instantiation in context of C++ templates. From what I have read so far the following is what I have understood about speci

Answer 1

A specialized template is no longer just a template. Instead, it is either an actual class or an actual function.

A specialization is from either an instantiation or an explicit specialization, cf 14.7.4 below.

An instantiation is based on a primary template definition. A sample implicit class template instantiation,

template
class foo {}

foo foo_int_object;

A sample explicit class template instantiation,

template class foo;

An explicit specialization has a different definition from it's primary template.

template<>
class foo {}

// extract from standard

14 Templates

14.7 Template instantiation and specialization

4 An instantiated template specialization can be either implicitly instantiated (14.7.1) for a given argument list or be explicitly instantiated (14.7.2). A specialization is a class, function, or class member that is either instantiated or explicitly specialized (14.7.3).