Dynamic constant assignment

Question

class MyClass
  def mymethod
    MYCONSTANT = \"blah\"
  end
end

gives me the error:

SyntaxError: dynamic constant assignmen

Answer 1

Because constants in Ruby aren't meant to be changed, Ruby discourages you from assigning to them in parts of code which might get executed more than once, such as inside methods.

Under normal circumstances, you should define the constant inside the class itself:

class MyClass
  MY_CONSTANT = "foo"
end

MyClass::MY_CONSTANT #=> "foo"

If for some reason though you really do need to define a constant inside a method (perhaps for some type of metaprogramming), you can use const_set:

class MyClass
  def my_method
    self.class.const_set(:MY_CONSTANT, "foo")
  end
end

MyClass::MY_CONSTANT
#=> NameError: uninitialized constant MyClass::MY_CONSTANT

MyClass.new.my_method
MyClass::MY_CONSTANT #=> "foo"

Again though, const_set isn't something you should really have to resort to under normal circumstances. If you're not sure whether you really want to be assigning to constants this way, you may want to consider one of the following alternatives:

Class variables

Class variables behave like constants in many ways. They are properties on a class, and they are accessible in subclasses of the class they are defined on.

The difference is that class variables are meant to be modifiable, and can therefore be assigned to inside methods with no issue.

class MyClass
  def self.my_class_variable
    @@my_class_variable
  end
  def my_method
    @@my_class_variable = "foo"
  end
end
class SubClass < MyClass
end

MyClass.my_class_variable
#=> NameError: uninitialized class variable @@my_class_variable in MyClass
SubClass.my_class_variable
#=> NameError: uninitialized class variable @@my_class_variable in MyClass

MyClass.new.my_method
MyClass.my_class_variable #=> "foo"
SubClass.my_class_variable #=> "foo"

Class attributes

Class attributes are a sort of "instance variable on a class". They behave a bit like class variables, except that their values are not shared with subclasses.

class MyClass
  class << self
    attr_accessor :my_class_attribute
  end
  def my_method
    self.class.my_class_attribute = "blah"
  end
end
class SubClass < MyClass
end

MyClass.my_class_attribute #=> nil
SubClass.my_class_attribute #=> nil

MyClass.new.my_method
MyClass.my_class_attribute #=> "blah"
SubClass.my_class_attribute #=> nil

SubClass.new.my_method
SubClass.my_class_attribute #=> "blah"

Instance variables

And just for completeness I should probably mention: if you need to assign a value which can only be determined after your class has been instantiated, there's a good chance you might actually be looking for a plain old instance variable.

class MyClass
  attr_accessor :instance_variable
  def my_method
    @instance_variable = "blah"
  end
end

my_object = MyClass.new
my_object.instance_variable #=> nil
my_object.my_method
my_object.instance_variable #=> "blah"

MyClass.new.instance_variable #=> nil