How do I tell Jenkins/Hudson to trigger a build only for changes on a particular project in my Git tree?
You can use Generic Webhook Trigger Plugin for this.
With a variable like changed_files and expression $.commits[*].['modified','added','removed'][*].
You can have a filter text like $changed_files and filter regexp like "folder/subfolder/[^"]+?" if folder/subfolder is the folder that should trigger builds.