What are C macros useful for?

Question

I have written a little bit of C, and I can read it well enough to get a general idea of what it is doing, but every time I have encountered a macro it has thrown me complet

Answer 1

From Computer Stupidities:

I've seen this code excerpt in a lot of freeware gaming programs for UNIX:

/*
* Bit values.
*/
#define BIT_0 1
#define BIT_1 2
#define BIT_2 4
#define BIT_3 8
#define BIT_4 16
#define BIT_5 32
#define BIT_6 64
#define BIT_7 128
#define BIT_8 256
#define BIT_9 512
#define BIT_10 1024
#define BIT_11 2048
#define BIT_12 4096
#define BIT_13 8192
#define BIT_14 16384
#define BIT_15 32768
#define BIT_16 65536
#define BIT_17 131072
#define BIT_18 262144
#define BIT_19 524288
#define BIT_20 1048576
#define BIT_21 2097152
#define BIT_22 4194304
#define BIT_23 8388608
#define BIT_24 16777216
#define BIT_25 33554432
#define BIT_26 67108864
#define BIT_27 134217728
#define BIT_28 268435456
#define BIT_29 536870912
#define BIT_30 1073741824
#define BIT_31 2147483648

A much easier way of achieving this is:

#define BIT_0 0x00000001
#define BIT_1 0x00000002
#define BIT_2 0x00000004
#define BIT_3 0x00000008
#define BIT_4 0x00000010
...
#define BIT_28 0x10000000
#define BIT_29 0x20000000
#define BIT_30 0x40000000
#define BIT_31 0x80000000

An easier way still is to let the compiler do the calculations:

#define BIT_0 (1)
#define BIT_1 (1 << 1)
#define BIT_2 (1 << 2)
#define BIT_3 (1 << 3)
#define BIT_4 (1 << 4)
...
#define BIT_28 (1 << 28)
#define BIT_29 (1 << 29)
#define BIT_30 (1 << 30)
#define BIT_31 (1 << 31)

But why go to all the trouble of defining 32 constants? The C language also has parameterized macros. All you really need is:

#define BIT(x) (1 << (x))

Anyway, I wonder if guy who wrote the original code used a calculator or just computed it all out on paper.

That's just one possible use of Macros.