Most of the models in my iOS app query a web server. I would like to have a configuration file storing the base URL of the server. It will look something like this:
An approach I've used before is to create a file Settings.plist and load it into NSUserDefaults upon launch using registerDefaults:. You can then access its contents with the following:
// Assuming you've defined some constant kMySettingKey.
[[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] objectForKey:kMySettingKey];
While I haven't done any Android development, it sounds as though this is analogous to the strings resource file you described. The only downside is that you can't use the preprocessor to swap between settings (e.g. in DEBUG mode). I suppose you could load in a different file, though.
NSUserDefaults documentation.