I have a SVG file that has a defined size of 16x16. When I use ImageMagick\'s convert program to convert it into a PNG, then I get a 16x16 pixel PNG which is way too small:<
I haven't been able to get good results from ImageMagick in this instance, but Inkscape does a nice job of it on Linux and Windows:
inkscape -z -w 1024 -h 1024 input.svg -e output.png
Edit (May 2020): Inkscape 1.0 users, please note that the command line arguments have changed:
inkscape -w 1024 -h 1024 input.svg --export-filename output.png
(on macOS, you may need to use --export-file instead of --export-filename).
Here's the result of scaling a 16x16 SVG to a 200x200 PNG using this command:


Just for reference, my Inkscape version (on Ubuntu 12.04) is:
Inkscape 0.48.3.1 r9886 (Mar 29 2012)
and on Windows 7, it is:
Inkscape 0.48.4 r9939 (Dec 17 2012)