Please look at this code(taken from Effective Java book)
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class Main {
private static boolean stopReq;
public s
To be very specific about your query, to take full advantage of the performance of modern multiprocessor hardware, in absence of synchronization, JVMs allowed to permit compiler to re-order operations and cache values in registers and in processor specific caches. As main thread writes to stopReq without synchronization so because of reordering and caching the BTW thread might never see the written value and loop forever.
When you use synchronization or volatile they guarantee VISIBILITY and force compiler not to cache and flush changes to main memory.