The description of the selection.data function includes an example with multiple groups (link) where a two-dimensional array is turned into an HTML table.
My workaround is somewhat similar to Dinesh Rajan's, assuming the parent index is needed for attribute someAttr of g.nestedElt:
v3:
svg.selectAll(".someClass")
.data(nestedData)
.enter()
.append("g")
.attr("class", "someClass")
.selectAll(".nestedElt")
.data(Object)
.enter()
.append("g")
.attr("class", "nestedElt")
.attr("someAttr", function(d, i, j) {
});
v4:
svg.selectAll(".someClass")
.data(nestedData)
.enter()
.append("g")
.attr("class", "someClass")
.attr("data-index", function(d, i) { return i; }) // make parent index available from DOM
.selectAll(".nestedElt")
.data(Object)
.enter()
.append("g")
.attr("class", "nestedElt")
.attr("someAttr", function(d, i) {
var j = +this.parentNode.getAttribute("data-index");
});