What the function is of the 0x10 in regards to this LEAL instruction? Is it a multiply or addition or is something else?
leal 0x10(%ebx), %eax
lea
stands for "load effective address"; it is a way to use the sophisticated adressing modes of the IA32 instruction set to do arithmetic. The l
suffix is a way to distinguish the size of instruction operands in the syntax of GNU as, that you have on your Linux box.
So, in short, yes, it's a kind of addition instruction. It can also handle multiplications by 2, 4, or 8 at the same time.
See also this related question (where they are using the Intel syntax to discuss the same instruction):