I have been doing debugging on Android using my Nexus 4, however I recently encountered this error here. After doing some research on this error, it seems to be an issue wit
In most cases INSTALL_FAILED_DEXOPT or INSTALL_FAILED_UID_CHANGED means that you have not enought space to install the app.
Remove some unused apps from your device or at least remove current version of your app.
adb uninstall package-name
In very rare cases there may be problem with application data. You have two options depending on whether your device is rooted or not
Non-rooted
Factory reset Settings -> Backup and reset -> Factory data reset (at least for Samsung S5)
Rooted (or emulator)
adb shell "rm -rf /data/data/package-name"