I have a table that has columns like this for example:
id,col1,col2,col3,col4
Now, I want to check if ANY of col1, col2,
You can use the IN predicate, like so:
SELECT * FROM table WHERE 123 IN(col1, col2, col3, col4);
it's the opposite version of IN.
No it is not, It is the same as using the ORs the way you did in your question.
The predicate IN or set membership is defined as1:

Where the Value Expression can be either 2:

So it is fine to do it this way, using the value expression 123, which is a literal.
1, 2: Images from: SQL Queries for Mere Mortals(R): A Hands-On Guide to Data Manipulation in SQL