Use Bash to read line by line and keep space

Question

When I use \"cat test.file\", it will show

1
 2
  3
   4

When I use the Bash file,

cat test.file |
while read data
do
    e         


        

Answer 1

IFS=''
cat test.file |
while read data
do
    echo "$data"
done

I realize you might have simplified the example from something that really needed a pipeline, but before someone else says it:

IFS=''
while read data; do
    echo "$data"
done < test.file