Unless I'm missing something, the other answers discussing NppExec do not provide a way to run the script with a single keystroke or (the execute dialogue box always pops up when F6 is pressed which must be accepted before the script is run).
After completing the steps in bjornhb's answer the following will allow you to run scripts with just one keystroke:
- Under Plugins->NppExec->Advanced Options create a new Menu Item. I simply named mine Python. Select the script which was saved earlier in the Associated script dropdown box and click Add/Modify. Click OK.
- Restart Notepad++
- Under Settings->Shortcut Mapper click the Plugin commands tab at the top. Scroll down and find your command name on the left hand side. Double click inside the white box in the Shortcut column next to your command name. Select an appropriate key (or combination) and accept. Pressing the shortcut key(s) will run the script without further input.