The goal is to have the element expand to the size of its parent container, in this case a
@robertc has it right, but you also need to notice that svg, #container causes the svg to be scaled exponentially for anything but 100% (once for #container and once for svg).
In other words, if I applied 50% h/w to both elements, it's actually 50% of 50%, or .5 * .5, which equals .25, or 25% scale.
One selector works fine when used as @robertc suggests.
svg {
width:50%;
height:50%;
}