In an Android application, how do you start a new activity (GUI) when a button in another activity is clicked, and how do you pass data between these two activities?
The way to start new activities is to broadcast an intent, and there is a specific kind of intent that you can use to pass data from one activity to another. My recommendation is that you check out the Android developer docs related to intents; it's a wealth of info on the subject, and has examples too.