Are there any cases where you would prefer a higher big-O time complexity algorithm over the lower one?

Question

Are there are any cases where you would prefer O(log n) time complexity to O(1) time complexity? Or O(n) to O(log n)?

Answer 1

There is always the hidden constant, which can be lower on the O(log n) algorithm. So it can work faster in practice for real-life data.

There are also space concerns (e.g. running on a toaster).

There's also developer time concern - O(log n) may be 1000× easier to implement and verify.