Unable to install Python libraries

Question

I am not able to install any Python libraries. I am using pip 9.0.1 and python 2.7. I am getting the following error:

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Answer 1

It seems this issue is generating quite a few questions on Stack Overflow about various packages not getting installed using pip install package-name. So I thought I'll copy over my answer from here for more clarity on the issue:

The solution is to upgrade pip to the latest version.

However, upgrading pip via pip install --upgrade pip may not upgrade it correctly (it will show it's up-to-date even when it's not).

So (for Mac users, for example), we need to upgrade pip as follows:

curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py | python

What's happening:

Python.org sites are stopping support for TLS versions 1.0 and 1.1. This means that Mac OS X version 10.12 (Sierra) or older will not be able to use pip unless they upgrade pip as above.

This thread explains it (thanks to this Twitter post):

Mac users who use pip and PyPI:

If you are running macOS/OS X version 10.12 or older, then you ought to upgrade to the latest pip (9.0.3) to connect to the Python Package Index securely:

curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py | python

and we recommend you do that by April 8th.

Pip 9.0.3 supports TLSv1.2 when running under system Python on macOS < 10.13. Official release notes: https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/news/

Also, the Python status page:

Completed - The rolling brownouts are finished, and TLSv1.0 and TLSv1.1 have been disabled. Apr 11, 15:37 UTC

Update - The rolling brownouts have been upgraded to a blackout, TLSv1.0 and TLSv1.1 will be rejected with a HTTP 403 at all times. Apr 8, 15:49 UTC

Lastly, to avoid other install errors, make sure you also upgrade setuptools after doing the above:

pip install --upgrade setuptools