Let\'s create a value for the sake of this question:
val a = 1 :: Nil
now, I can demonstrate that the anonymous functions can be written in
Your first shorthand form can also be written point-free
a map (2*)
Thanks to multiplication being commutative.
As for (x) => x, you want the identity function. This is defined in Predef and is generic, so you can be sure that it's type-safe.
(x) => x
identity