the question is as follows:
if you take a look at any site using addthis (the share button)...
once you float over the addthis button, and all of the require
To build upon Quentin's answer, these URLs are commonly called protocol-less URLs (although, as Nick points out in the comments, the proper name is scheme-less).
Also, be wary of the case where you use them in local development (i.e. linking to jQuery from an HTML page that you load from your hard disk, through the file:// protocol). In such scenarios, all outbound links will be treated as local ones - //jquery.com/ will refer to file://jquery.com/