I was unsure how node.js was able to realize what functions where async and which were not and how to create a custom async function.
Say I wanted to create a custom
Only native functions (with access to the event loop) are asynchronous. You would need to call one of them to get asynchronity for your callback. See What is a simple example of an asynchronous javascript function?.
If you aren't using any, there's hardly a reason to make your function asynchronous.