HTML image not showing in Gmail

Question

I\'m sending an e-mail newsletter in HTML. Inside the HTML I have something like

Answer 1

I noticed that Google was stripping the src attribute from my img tags. I tried every answer on this page - with no luck.

What finally worked for me was replacing img tags with divs that have background images. For example, instead of:

I replaced it with:

Hope this helps others who spent way too long pulling their hair out over this.