I am using some Google Web Fonts. I hear that Google deal with all the issues between different browsers and serve different media depending on the browser in the request header
Not an answer to your exact question, but even if it were possible at the moment, I would never locally cache any CSS that Google serves "live" because:
even if it works now, it may break later if they change something
you do not add any reliability, because the font itself still has to be fetched from Google
you do not really improve performance much: if everything is configured correctly, the HTTP request will happen only once and be cached thereafter. Also, the user may have the font CSS cached from another site that uses Google Fonts.