I want to develop JavaScript on my Windows machine. Do you know a browser where I can turn off Same Origin Policy so I can develop locally? Firefox would be optimal
All of the given answers are good ones when it comes to getting around the same origin policy in production.
For development, there is no convenient way to "disable" this security check. There are workarounds (see other answers) or hacks (you could use Greasemonkey to wrap up the JavaScript and use their GM_xmlhttprequest as a temporary measure), but no way to actually "turn it off" as you describe.