How does a Recursive CTE run, line by line?

Question

I think I\'ve got the format of Recursive CTEs down well enough to write one, but still find myself frustrated to no end that I cannot manually process one (pretend to be th

Answer 1

Think of a recursive CTE as of an endless UNION ALL:

WITH    rows AS
        (
        SELECT  *
        FROM    mytable
        WHERE   anchor_condition
        ),
        rows2 AS
        (
        SELECT  *
        FROM    set_operation(mytable, rows)
        ),
        rows3 AS
        (
        SELECT  *
        FROM    set_operation(mytable, rows2)
        ),
        …
SELECT  *
FROM    rows
UNION ALL
SELECT  *
FROM    rows2
UNION ALL
SELECT  *
FROM    rows3
UNION ALL
…

In your case, that would be:

WITH    abcd1 AS
        ( 
        SELECT  *
        FROM    @tbl t
        WHERE   ParentId IS NULL 
        ),
        abcd2 AS
        ( 
        SELECT  t.*
        FROM    abcd1
        JOIN    @tbl t
        ON      t.ParentID = abcd1.id
        ),
        abcd3 AS
        ( 
        SELECT  t.*
        FROM    abcd2
        JOIN    @tbl t
        ON      t.ParentID = abcd2.id
        ),
        abcd4 AS
        ( 
        SELECT  t.*
        FROM    abcd3
        JOIN    @tbl t
        ON      t.ParentID = abcd3.id
        ),
        abcd5 AS
        ( 
        SELECT  t.*
        FROM    abcd4
        JOIN    @tbl t
        ON      t.ParentID = abcd4.id
        ),
        abcd6 AS
        ( 
        SELECT  t.*
        FROM    abcd5
        JOIN    @tbl t
        ON      t.ParentID = abcd5.id
        )
SELECT  *
FROM    abcd1
UNION ALL
SELECT  *
FROM    abcd2
UNION ALL
SELECT  *
FROM    abcd3
UNION ALL
SELECT  *
FROM    abcd4
UNION ALL
SELECT  *
FROM    abcd5
UNION ALL
SELECT  *
FROM    abcd6

Since abcd6 yields no results, this implies a stopping condition.

Theoretically, a recursive CTE can be infinite, but practically, SQL Server tries to forbid the queries that would lead to infinite recordsets.

You may want to read this article:

• SQL Server: are the recursive CTE’s really set-based?