Seemed odd I couldn\'t find this one already asked, but here it goes!
I have an html as follows:
Something like the following would be my choice:
let selectElement = document.getElementById('categorySelect');
let selectedOptions = selectedElement.selectedOptions || [].filter.call(selectedElement.options, option => option.selected);
let selectedValues = [].map.call(selectedOptions, option => option.value);
It's short, it's fast on modern browsers, and we don't care whether it's fast or not on 1% market share browsers.
Note, selectedOptions has wonky behavior on some browsers from around 5 years ago, so a user agent sniff isn't totally out of line here.