How do you do dynamic / dependent drop downs in Google Sheets?

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清歌不尽 2020-11-27 12:06

How do you get a sub-category column to populate a drop down based on the value selected in the main category drop down in google sheets?

I googled around and couldn

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挽巷 (楼主)

2020-11-27 12:18

Caution! The scripts have a limit: it handles up to 500 values in a single drop-down list.

Multi-line, multi-Level, multi-List, multi-Edit-Line Dependent Drop-Down Lists in Google Sheets. Script

More Info

Article
Video
Last version of the script on GitHub

This solution is not perfect, but it gives some benefits:

Let you make multiple dropdown lists
Gives more control
Source Data is placed on the only sheet, so it's simple to edit

First of all, here's working example, so you can test it before going further.

Installation:

Prepare Data
Make the first list as usual: Data > Validation
Add Script, set some variables
Done!

Prepare Data

Data looks like a single table with all possible variants inside it. It must be located on a separate sheet, so it can be used by the script. Look at this example:

Here we have four levels, each value repeats. Note that 2 columns on the right of data are reserved, so don't type/paste there any data.

First simple Data Validation (DV)

Prepare a list of unique values. In our example, it is a list of Planets. Find free space on sheet with data, and paste formula: =unique(A:A) On your mainsheet select first column, where DV will start. Go to Data > Validation and select range with a unique list.

Script

Paste this code into script editor:

function onEdit(event) 
{

  // Change Settings:
  //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  var TargetSheet = 'Main'; // name of sheet with data validation
  var LogSheet = 'Data1'; // name of sheet with data
  var NumOfLevels = 4; // number of levels of data validation
  var lcol = 2; // number of column where validation starts; A = 1, B = 2, etc.
  var lrow = 2; // number of row where validation starts
  var offsets = [1,1,1,2]; // offsets for levels
  //                   ^ means offset column #4 on one position right.
  
  // =====================================================================================
  SmartDataValidation(event, TargetSheet, LogSheet, NumOfLevels, lcol, lrow, offsets);
  
  // Change Settings:
  //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  var TargetSheet = 'Main'; // name of sheet with data validation
  var LogSheet = 'Data2'; // name of sheet with data
  var NumOfLevels = 7; // number of levels of data validation
  var lcol = 9; // number of column where validation starts; A = 1, B = 2, etc.
  var lrow = 2; // number of row where validation starts
  var offsets = [1,1,1,1,1,1,1]; // offsets for levels
  // =====================================================================================  
  SmartDataValidation(event, TargetSheet, LogSheet, NumOfLevels, lcol, lrow, offsets);

  
}



function SmartDataValidation(event, TargetSheet, LogSheet, NumOfLevels, lcol, lrow, offsets) 
{
  //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  // The event handler, adds data validation for the input parameters
  //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  var FormulaSplitter = ';'; // depends on regional setting, ';' or ',' works for US
  //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  //	===================================   key variables	 =================================
  //
  //		ss			sheet we change (TargetSheet)
  //			br				range to change
  //			scol			number of column to edit
  //			srow			number of row to edit	
  //			CurrentLevel	level of drop-down, which we change
  //			HeadLevel		main level
  //			r				current cell, which was changed by user
  //			X         		number of levels could be checked on the right
  //
  //		ls			Data sheet (LogSheet)
  //
  //    ======================================================================================

// Checks
var ts = event.source.getActiveSheet();
var sname = ts.getName(); 
if (sname !== TargetSheet) { return -1;  } // not main sheet
// Test if range fits
var br = event.range;
var scol = br.getColumn(); // the column number in which the change is made
var srow = br.getRow() // line number in which the change is made
var ColNum = br.getWidth();

if ((scol + ColNum - 1) < lcol) { return -2; }  // columns... 
if (srow < lrow) { return -3; } // rows
// Test range is in levels
var columnsLevels = getColumnsOffset_(offsets, lcol); // Columns for all levels	
var CurrentLevel = getCurrentLevel_(ColNum, br, scol, columnsLevels);
if(CurrentLevel === 1) { return -4; } // out of data validations
if(CurrentLevel > NumOfLevels) { return -5; } // last level	


/*
	ts - sheet with validation, sname = name of sheet
	
					 NumOfLevels = 4                     
					 offsets = [1,1,1,2] - last offset is 2 because need to skip 1 column
					 columnsLevels = [4,5,6,8] - Columns of validation
					 
									 Columns 7 is skipped
									 |
	   1	2	 3	  4    5    6    7    8    9    
	|----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
1	|	 |    |    |    |    |    |  x |    |    |
	|----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
2	|	 |    |    |  v |  V |  ? |  x |  ? |    | lrow = 2 - number of row where validation starts
	|----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
3	|	 |    |    |    |    |    |  x |    |    |
	|----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
4	|	 |    |    |    |    |    |  x |    |    |
	|----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
				   |  |	  |	    |           |
				   |  |	  |	    | Currentlevel = 3 - the number of level to change
				   |  |	  |	                |
				   |  |   | br - cell, user changes: scol - column, srow - row,
				   |  |          ColNum = 1 - width   
				   |__|________   _.....____|
					  |         v
					  |  Drop-down lists					
					  |
					  | lcol = 4 - number of column where validation starts
*/
// Constants
var ReplaceCommas = getDecimalMarkIsCommaLocals(); // // ReplaceCommas = true if locale uses commas to separate decimals
var ls = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getSheetByName(LogSheet); // Data sheet       				         
var RowNum = br.getHeight();
/* 	Adjust the range 'br' 
    ???       !
	xxx       x
	xxx       x 
	xxx  =>   x
	xxx       x
	xxx       x
*/	
br = ts.getRange(br.getRow(), columnsLevels[CurrentLevel - 2], RowNum); 
// Levels
var HeadLevel = CurrentLevel - 1; // main level
var X = NumOfLevels - CurrentLevel + 1; // number of levels left       
// determine columns on the sheet "Data"
var KudaCol = NumOfLevels + 2;
var KudaNado = ls.getRange(1, KudaCol);  // 1 place for a formula
var lastRow = ls.getLastRow();
var ChtoNado = ls.getRange(1, KudaCol, lastRow, KudaCol); // the range with list, returned by a formula

// ============================================================================= > loop >
var CurrLevelBase = CurrentLevel; // remember the first current level



for (var j = 1; j <= RowNum; j++) // [01] loop rows start
{    
  // refresh first val  
  var currentRow = br.getCell(j, 1).getRow();      
  loopColumns_(HeadLevel, X, currentRow, NumOfLevels, CurrLevelBase, lastRow, FormulaSplitter, CurrLevelBase, columnsLevels, br, KudaNado, ChtoNado, ReplaceCommas, ts);
} // [01] loop rows end

       

}


function getColumnsOffset_(offsets, lefColumn)
{
// Columns for all levels
var columnsLevels = [];
var totalOffset = 0;	
for (var i = 0, l = offsets.length; i < l; i++)
{	
	totalOffset += offsets[i];
	columnsLevels.push(totalOffset + lefColumn - 1);
}	

return columnsLevels;

}

function test_getCurrentLevel()
{
  var br = SpreadsheetApp.getActive().getActiveSheet().getRange('A5:C5');
  var scol = 1;
  
  
  /*
        |  1  |  2  |  3  |  4  |  5  |  6  |  7  |  8  |
  range |xxxxx| 
   dv range |xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx|
 levels    1     2     3
  level          2
  
  */
  Logger.log(getCurrentLevel_(1, br, scol, [1,2,3])); // 2
  
  /*
        |  1  |  2  |  3  |  4  |  5  |  6  |  7  |  8  |
  range |xxxxxxxxxxx| 
   dv range |xxxxx|     |xxxxx|     |xxxxx|
 levels    1           2           3
  level                2
  
  */  
  Logger.log(getCurrentLevel_(2, br, scol, [1,3,5])); // 2
  
  /*
        |  1  |  2  |  3  |  4  |  5  |  6  |  7  |  8  |
  range |xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx| 
   dv range |xxxxx|                 |xxxxxxxxxxx| 
 levels    1                       2     3
  level                            2
  
  */    
  Logger.log(getCurrentLevel_(3, br, scol, [1,5,6])); // 2
  
  
  /*
        |  1  |  2  |  3  |  4  |  5  |  6  |  7  |  8  |
  range |xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx| 
   dv range |xxxxxxxxxxx|                             |xxxxx| 
 levels    1     2                                   3
  level                                              3
  
  */    
  Logger.log(getCurrentLevel_(3, br, scol, [1,2,8])); // 3
  
  
  /*
        |  1  |  2  |  3  |  4  |  5  |  6  |  7  |  8  |
  range |xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx| 
   dv range |xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx|
 levels    1     2     3
  level                      4 (error)
  
  */    
  Logger.log(getCurrentLevel_(3, br, scol, [1,2,3]));
  
  
  /*
        |  1  |  2  |  3  |  4  |  5  |  6  |  7  |  8  |
  range |xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx| 
   dv range                         |xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx|
 levels    
  level    1 (error)                      
  
  */    
  Logger.log(getCurrentLevel_(3, br, scol, [5,6,7])); // 1 
  
}


function getCurrentLevel_(ColNum, br, scol, columnsLevels)
{
var colPlus = 2; // const
if (ColNum === 1) { return columnsLevels.indexOf(scol) + colPlus; }
var CurrentLevel = -1;
var level = 0;
var column = 0;
for (var i = 0; i < ColNum; i++ )
{
	column = br.offset(0, i).getColumn();
	level = columnsLevels.indexOf(column) + colPlus;
	if (level > CurrentLevel) { CurrentLevel = level; }
}
return CurrentLevel;
}



function loopColumns_(HeadLevel, X, currentRow, NumOfLevels, CurrentLevel, lastRow, FormulaSplitter, CurrLevelBase, columnsLevels, br, KudaNado, ChtoNado, ReplaceCommas, ts)
{
  for (var k = 1; k <= X; k++)
  {   
HeadLevel = HeadLevel + k - 1; 
CurrentLevel = CurrLevelBase + k - 1;
var r = ts.getRange(currentRow, columnsLevels[CurrentLevel - 2]);
var SearchText = r.getValue(); // searched text 
X = loopColumn_(X, SearchText, HeadLevel, HeadLevel, currentRow, NumOfLevels, CurrentLevel, lastRow, FormulaSplitter, CurrLevelBase, columnsLevels, br, KudaNado, ChtoNado, ReplaceCommas, ts);
  } 
}


function loopColumn_(X, SearchText, HeadLevel, HeadLevel, currentRow, NumOfLevels, CurrentLevel, lastRow, FormulaSplitter, CurrLevelBase, columnsLevels, br, KudaNado, ChtoNado, ReplaceCommas, ts)
{


  // if nothing is chosen!
  if (SearchText === '') // condition value =''
  {
// kill extra data validation if there were 
// columns on the right
if (CurrentLevel <= NumOfLevels) 
{
  for (var f = 0; f < X; f++) 
  {
    var cell = ts.getRange(currentRow, columnsLevels[CurrentLevel + f - 1]);		  
    // clean & get rid of validation
    cell.clear({contentsOnly: true});              
    cell.clear({validationsOnly: true});
    // exit columns loop  
  }
}
return 0;	// end loop this row	
  }
  
  
  // formula for values
  var formula = getDVListFormula_(CurrentLevel, currentRow, columnsLevels, lastRow, ReplaceCommas, FormulaSplitter, ts);  
  KudaNado.setFormula(formula);

  
  // get response
  var Response = getResponse_(ChtoNado, lastRow, ReplaceCommas);
  var Variants = Response.length;


  // build data validation rule
  if (Variants === 0.0) // empty is found
  {
return;
  }  
  if(Variants >= 1.0) // if some variants were found
  {

var cell = ts.getRange(currentRow, columnsLevels[CurrentLevel - 1]);
var rule = SpreadsheetApp
.newDataValidation()
.requireValueInList(Response, true)
.setAllowInvalid(false)
.build();
// set validation rule
cell.setDataValidation(rule);
  }    
  if (Variants === 1.0) // // set the only value
  {      
cell.setValue(Response[0]);
SearchText = null;
Response = null;
return X; // continue doing DV
  } // the only value
  
  return 0; // end DV in this row
  
}


function getDVListFormula_(CurrentLevel, currentRow, columnsLevels, lastRow, ReplaceCommas, FormulaSplitter, ts)
{
  
  var checkVals = [];
  var Offs = CurrentLevel - 2;
  var values = [];
  // get values and display values for a formula
  for (var s = 0; s <= Offs; s++)
  {
var checkR = ts.getRange(currentRow, columnsLevels[s]);
values.push(checkR.getValue());
  } 		  
  
  var LookCol = colName(CurrentLevel-1); // gets column name "A,B,C..."
  var formula = '=unique(filter(' + LookCol + '2:' + LookCol + lastRow; // =unique(filter(A2:A84

  var mathOpPlusVal = ''; 
  var value = '';

  // loop levels for multiple conditions  
  for (var i = 0; i < CurrentLevel - 1; i++) {            
formula += FormulaSplitter; // =unique(filter(A2:A84;
LookCol = colName(i);
		
value = values[i];

mathOpPlusVal = getValueAndMathOpForFunction_(value, FormulaSplitter, ReplaceCommas); // =unique(filter(A2:A84;B2:B84="Text"

if ( Array.isArray(mathOpPlusVal) )
{
  formula += mathOpPlusVal[0];
  formula += LookCol + '2:' + LookCol + lastRow; // =unique(filter(A2:A84;ROUND(B2:B84
  formula += mathOpPlusVal[1];
}
else
{
  formula += LookCol + '2:' + LookCol + lastRow; // =unique(filter(A2:A84;B2:B84
  formula += mathOpPlusVal;
}


  }  
  
  formula += "))"; //=unique(filter(A2:A84;B2:B84="Text"))

  return formula;
}


function getValueAndMathOpForFunction_(value, FormulaSplitter, ReplaceCommas)
{
  var result = '';
  var splinter = '';	

  var type = typeof value;
  
 
  // strings
  if (type === 'string') return '="' + value + '"';
  // date
  if(value instanceof Date)
  {
return ['ROUND(', FormulaSplitter +'5)=ROUND(DATE(' + value.getFullYear() + FormulaSplitter + (value.getMonth() + 1) + FormulaSplitter + value.getDate() + ')' + '+' 
      + 'TIME(' + value.getHours() + FormulaSplitter + value.getMinutes() + FormulaSplitter + value.getSeconds() + ')' + FormulaSplitter + '5)'];	  
  }  
  // numbers
  if (type === 'number')
  {
if (ReplaceCommas)
{
	return '+0=' + value.toString().replace('.', ',');		
}
else
{
	return '+0=' + value;
}
  }
  // booleans
  if (type === 'boolean')
  {
  return '=' + value;
  }  
  // other
  return '=' + value;

}


function getResponse_(allRange, l, ReplaceCommas)
{
  var data = allRange.getValues();
  var data_ = allRange.getDisplayValues();
  
  var response = [];
  var val = '';
  for (var i = 0; i < l; i++)
  {
val = data[i][0];
if (val !== '') 
{
  var type = typeof val;
  if (type === 'boolean' || val instanceof Date) val = String(data_[i][0]);
  if (type === 'number' && ReplaceCommas) val = val.toString().replace('.', ',')
  response.push(val);  
}
  }
  
  return response;  
}




function colName(n) {
var ordA = 'a'.charCodeAt(0);
var ordZ = 'z'.charCodeAt(0);

var len = ordZ - ordA + 1;

var s = "";
while(n >= 0) {
    s = String.fromCharCode(n % len + ordA) + s;
    n = Math.floor(n / len) - 1;
}
return s; 
}


function getDecimalMarkIsCommaLocals() {


// list of Locals Decimal mark = comma
var LANGUAGE_BY_LOCALE = {
af_NA: "Afrikaans (Namibia)",
af_ZA: "Afrikaans (South Africa)",
af: "Afrikaans",
sq_AL: "Albanian (Albania)",
sq: "Albanian",
ar_DZ: "Arabic (Algeria)",
ar_BH: "Arabic (Bahrain)",
ar_EG: "Arabic (Egypt)",
ar_IQ: "Arabic (Iraq)",
ar_JO: "Arabic (Jordan)",
ar_KW: "Arabic (Kuwait)",
ar_LB: "Arabic (Lebanon)",
ar_LY: "Arabic (Libya)",
ar_MA: "Arabic (Morocco)",
ar_OM: "Arabic (Oman)",
ar_QA: "Arabic (Qatar)",
ar_SA: "Arabic (Saudi Arabia)",
ar_SD: "Arabic (Sudan)",
ar_SY: "Arabic (Syria)",
ar_TN: "Arabic (Tunisia)",
ar_AE: "Arabic (United Arab Emirates)",
ar_YE: "Arabic (Yemen)",
ar: "Arabic",
hy_AM: "Armenian (Armenia)",
hy: "Armenian",
eu_ES: "Basque (Spain)",
eu: "Basque",
be_BY: "Belarusian (Belarus)",
be: "Belarusian",
bg_BG: "Bulgarian (Bulgaria)",
bg: "Bulgarian",
ca_ES: "Catalan (Spain)",
ca: "Catalan",
tzm_Latn: "Central Morocco Tamazight (Latin)",
tzm_Latn_MA: "Central Morocco Tamazight (Latin, Morocco)",
tzm: "Central Morocco Tamazight",
da_DK: "Danish (Denmark)",
da: "Danish",
nl_BE: "Dutch (Belgium)",
nl_NL: "Dutch (Netherlands)",
nl: "Dutch",
et_EE: "Estonian (Estonia)",
et: "Estonian",
fi_FI: "Finnish (Finland)",
fi: "Finnish",
fr_BE: "French (Belgium)",
fr_BJ: "French (Benin)",
fr_BF: "French (Burkina Faso)",
fr_BI: "French (Burundi)",
fr_CM: "French (Cameroon)",
fr_CA: "French (Canada)",
fr_CF: "French (Central African Republic)",
fr_TD: "French (Chad)",
fr_KM: "French (Comoros)",
fr_CG: "French (Congo - Brazzaville)",
fr_CD: "French (Congo - Kinshasa)",
fr_CI: "French (Côte d’Ivoire)",
fr_DJ: "French (Djibouti)",
fr_GQ: "French (Equatorial Guinea)",
fr_FR: "French (France)",
fr_GA: "French (Gabon)",
fr_GP: "French (Guadeloupe)",
fr_GN: "French (Guinea)",
fr_LU: "French (Luxembourg)",
fr_MG: "French (Madagascar)",
fr_ML: "French (Mali)",
fr_MQ: "French (Martinique)",
fr_MC: "French (Monaco)",
fr_NE: "French (Niger)",
fr_RW: "French (Rwanda)",
fr_RE: "French (Réunion)",
fr_BL: "French (Saint Barthélemy)",
fr_MF: "French (Saint Martin)",
fr_SN: "French (Senegal)",
fr_CH: "French (Switzerland)",
fr_TG: "French (Togo)",
fr: "French",
gl_ES: "Galician (Spain)",
gl: "Galician",
ka_GE: "Georgian (Georgia)",
ka: "Georgian",
de_AT: "German (Austria)",
de_BE: "German (Belgium)",
de_DE: "German (Germany)",
de_LI: "German (Liechtenstein)",
de_LU: "German (Luxembourg)",
de_CH: "German (Switzerland)",
de: "German",
el_CY: "Greek (Cyprus)",
el_GR: "Greek (Greece)",
el: "Greek",
hu_HU: "Hungarian (Hungary)",
hu: "Hungarian",
is_IS: "Icelandic (Iceland)",
is: "Icelandic",
id_ID: "Indonesian (Indonesia)",
id: "Indonesian",
it_IT: "Italian (Italy)",
it_CH: "Italian (Switzerland)",
it: "Italian",
kab_DZ: "Kabyle (Algeria)",
kab: "Kabyle",
kl_GL: "Kalaallisut (Greenland)",
kl: "Kalaallisut",
lv_LV: "Latvian (Latvia)",
lv: "Latvian",
lt_LT: "Lithuanian (Lithuania)",
lt: "Lithuanian",
mk_MK: "Macedonian (Macedonia)",
mk: "Macedonian",
naq_NA: "Nama (Namibia)",
naq: "Nama",
pl_PL: "Polish (Poland)",
pl: "Polish",
pt_BR: "Portuguese (Brazil)",
pt_GW: "Portuguese (Guinea-Bissau)",
pt_MZ: "Portuguese (Mozambique)",
pt_PT: "Portuguese (Portugal)",
pt: "Portuguese",
ro_MD: "Romanian (Moldova)",
ro_RO: "Romanian (Romania)",
ro: "Romanian",
ru_MD: "Russian (Moldova)",
ru_RU: "Russian (Russia)",
ru_UA: "Russian (Ukraine)",
ru: "Russian",
seh_MZ: "Sena (Mozambique)",
seh: "Sena",
sk_SK: "Slovak (Slovakia)",
sk: "Slovak",
sl_SI: "Slovenian (Slovenia)",
sl: "Slovenian",
es_AR: "Spanish (Argentina)",
es_BO: "Spanish (Bolivia)",
es_CL: "Spanish (Chile)",
es_CO: "Spanish (Colombia)",
es_CR: "Spanish (Costa Rica)",
es_DO: "Spanish (Dominican Republic)",
es_EC: "Spanish (Ecuador)",
es_SV: "Spanish (El Salvador)",
es_GQ: "Spanish (Equatorial Guinea)",
es_GT: "Spanish (Guatemala)",
es_HN: "Spanish (Honduras)",
es_419: "Spanish (Latin America)",
es_MX: "Spanish (Mexico)",
es_NI: "Spanish (Nicaragua)",
es_PA: "Spanish (Panama)",
es_PY: "Spanish (Paraguay)",
es_PE: "Spanish (Peru)",
es_PR: "Spanish (Puerto Rico)",
es_ES: "Spanish (Spain)",
es_US: "Spanish (United States)",
es_UY: "Spanish (Uruguay)",
es_VE: "Spanish (Venezuela)",
es: "Spanish",
sv_FI: "Swedish (Finland)",
sv_SE: "Swedish (Sweden)",
sv: "Swedish",
tr_TR: "Turkish (Turkey)",
tr: "Turkish",
uk_UA: "Ukrainian (Ukraine)",
uk: "Ukrainian",
vi_VN: "Vietnamese (Vietnam)",
vi: "Vietnamese"
}


var SS = SpreadsheetApp.getActiveSpreadsheet();
var LocalS = SS.getSpreadsheetLocale();


if (LANGUAGE_BY_LOCALE[LocalS] == undefined) {
  return false;
  
}
  //Logger.log(true);
  return true;
}

/*
function ReplaceDotsToCommas(dataIn) {
  var dataOut = dataIn.map(function(num) {
  if (isNaN(num)) {
    return num;
  }    
  num = num.toString();
  return num.replace(".", ",");
  });
  return dataOut;
}
*/

Here's set of variables that are to be changed, you'll find them in script:

  var TargetSheet = 'Main'; // name of sheet with data validation
  var LogSheet = 'Data2'; // name of sheet with data
  var NumOfLevels = 7; // number of levels of data validation
  var lcol = 9; // number of column where validation starts; A = 1, B = 2, etc.
  var lrow = 2; // number of row where validation starts
  var offsets = [1,1,1,1,1,1,1]; // offsets for levels

I suggest everyone, who knows scripts well, send your edits to this code. I guess, there's simpler way to find validation list and make script run faster.

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