I would like an entirely transparent UIToolbar and/or UINavigationBar. I have tried the various incantations suggested for pre- and post-iOS 5 but
If you want to do it through the entire app you should use the UIAppearance proxy (iOS5+):
UINavigationBar *navigationBarAppearance = [UINavigationBar appearance];
navigationBarAppearance.backgroundColor = [UIColor clearColor];
[navigationBarAppearance setBackgroundImage:[[UIImage alloc] init] forBarMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault];
navigationBarAppearance.shadowImage = [[UIImage alloc] init];
Docs: https://developer.apple.com/library/ios/documentation/UIKit/Reference/UIAppearance_Protocol/Reference/Reference.html
Article: http://nshipster.com/uiappearance/