I was just setting up the validation for a form in which I decided to try using the filter_var function to check the validity of my email address. I can not find out what filter
No, test can be a local / internal network domain, so that would work. I like it that it correctly validates wrikken@localhost when developing for instance.
A normal nonexistentdomain.foo would have the same problem. If you want to test whether something is delivarable to a host, use getmxrr (and it that fails fall back to gethostbyname()).