I have a feeling that there must be client-server synchronization patterns out there. But i totally failed to google up one.
Situation is quite simple - server is th
For delta (change) sync, you can use pubsub pattern to publish changes back to all subscribed clients, services like pusher can do this.
For database mirror, some web frameworks use a local mini database to sync server side database to local in browser database, partial synchronization is supported. Check meteror.