I like the chosen answer. However, it tends to be slower than awk since 2 tools are needed to do the job.
$ wc -l file
49999998 file
$ time paste -sd+ file | bc
1448700364
real 1m36.960s
user 1m24.515s
sys 0m1.772s
$ time awk '{s+=$1}END{print s}' file
1448700364
real 0m45.476s
user 0m40.756s
sys 0m0.287s