The GNU bash manual tells me
An indexed array is created automatically if any variable is assigned to using the syntax name[subscript]=v
An indexed array is created automatically if any variable is assigned to using the syntax
name[subscript]=v
If you do man bash the section on arrays does not list this behavior. It might be something new (gnu?) in bash.
man bash
Fails for me in CentOS 6.3 (bash 4.1.2)