In RabbitMQ, one can create an exchange, then bind it to multiple queues, each with a routing key. This enables messaging architectures like this:
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I cannot delete an accepted answer, so see the answer below for the now correct answer since this feature has been released.
No it's not possible. Would be a great feature for them to add though.
The only alternative I know is to create a topic for each routing rule and then publish to the correct topic. It's not pretty, but it accomplishes the task. If you have a lot of rules, you might need more than the 3000 topics they allow. You can request an increase in topic limit from AWS on their website by following the instructions here http://docs.aws.amazon.com/general/latest/gr/aws_service_limits.html#limits_ses_quota.