constexpr if and static_assert

Question

P0292R1 constexpr if has been included, on track for C++17. It seems useful (and can replace use of SFINAE), but a comment regarding static_assert being ill

Answer 1

Edit: I'm keeping this self-answer with examples and more detailed explanations of the misunderstandings that lead to this questions. The short answer by T.C. is strictly enough.

After rereading the proposal and on static_assert in the current draft, and I conclude that my worries were misguided. First of all, the emphasis here should be on template definition.

ill-formed; no diagnostic required for template definition

If a template is instantiated, any static_assert fire as expected. This presumably plays well with the statement I quoted:

... a discarded statement is not instantiated.

This is a bit vague to me, but I conclude that it means that templates occurring in the discarded statement will not be instantiated. Other code however must be syntactically valid. A static_assert(F), [where F is false, either literally or a constexpr value] inside a discarded if constexpr clause will thus still 'bite' when the template containing the static_assert is instantiated. Or (not required, at the mercy of the compiler) already at declaration if it's known to always be false.

Examples: (live demo)

#include 

template< typename T>
constexpr void some_library_foo(){
    static_assert(std::is_same::value);
}

template< typename T>
constexpr void other_library_bar(){
    static_assert(std::is_same::value);
}

template< typename T>
constexpr void buzz(){
    // This template is ill-formed, (invalid) no diagnostic required,
    // since there are no T which could make it valid. (As also mentioned
    // in the answer by T.C.).
    // That also means that neither of these are required to fire, but
    // clang does (and very likely all compilers for similar cases), at
    // least when buzz is instantiated.
    static_assert(! std::is_same::value);
    static_assert(false); // does fire already at declaration
                          // with latest version of clang
}

template
void g() {
  if constexpr (IntCase){
    some_library_foo();

    // Both two static asserts will fire even though within if constexpr:
    static_assert(!IntCase) ;  // ill-formed diagnostic required if 
                              // IntCase is true
    static_assert(IntCase) ; // ill-formed diagnostic required if 
                              // IntCase is false

    // However, don't do this:
    static_assert(false) ; // ill-formed, no diagnostic required, 
                           // for the same reasons as with buzz().

  } else {
    other_library_bar();
  }      
}

int main(){
    g();
    g();

    //g(); // ill-formed, diagnostic required
    //g(); // ill-formed, diagnostic required
}

The standard text on static_assert is remarkably short. In standardese, it's a way to make the program ill-formed with diagnostic (as @immibis also pointed out):

7.6 ... If the value of the expression when so converted is true, the declaration has no effect. Otherwise, the program is ill-formed, and the resulting diagnostic message (1.4) shall include the text of the string-literal, if one is supplied ...