I am currently running R version 3.1.0 (on Ubuntu 12.04 LTS) and as both my R version and my operating system is getting rather old, I plan on updating both. However, I have
Having tested on several R versions (3.1.0, 3.3.1, 3.4.2) and two different machines (Windows 7 x64, Windows 10 x64), I got the same runif()
random numbers with the same set.seed()
independently of the R versions and the operating system. As far as I know, this suggests a yes for both questions 1 and 2.