Why is apply() method slower than a for loop in R?

Question

As a matter of best practices, I\'m trying to determine if it\'s better to create a function and apply() it across a matrix, or if it\'s better to simply loop a

Answer 1

Better example for speed advantage of for loop.

for_loop <- function(x){
    out <- vector(mode="numeric",length=NROW(x))
    for(i in seq(length(out)))
        out[i] <- max(x[i,])
    return(out)
    }

apply_loop <- function(x){
    apply(x,1,max)
}

million  <- matrix(rnorm(1000000),ncol=10)
> system.time(apply_loop(million))
  user  system elapsed 
  0.57    0.00    0.56 
> system.time(for_loop(million))
  user  system elapsed 
  0.32    0.00    0.33 

EDIT

Version suggested by Eduardo.

max_col <- function(x){
    x[cbind(seq(NROW(x)),max.col(x))]
}

By row

> system.time(for_loop(million))
   user  system elapsed 
   0.99    0.00    1.11 
> system.time(apply_loop(million))
  user  system elapsed 
   1.40    0.00    1.44 
> system.time(max_col(million))
  user  system elapsed 
  0.06    0.00    0.06 

By column

> system.time(for_loop(t(million)))
  user  system elapsed 
  0.05    0.00    0.05 
> system.time(apply_loop(t(million)))
  user  system elapsed 
  0.07    0.00    0.07 
> system.time(max_col(t(million)))
  user  system elapsed 
  0.04    0.00    0.06