More specifically, why are my JavaFX controls not being centered? Here are two screenshots, the first just after starting (I moved the window into a more visible spot but have n
Place your controls in a VBox (or other similar root layout pane) and set the VBox alignment to center.
Layout Advice
This is my personal advice on starting with layout in JavaFX (it's just advice and not applicable to everybody, you can take it or leave it):
Your window and all controls and layouts will automatically size to their preferred size.
Let the in-built layout managers and layout system do as many calculations for you as possible with you just providing the minimum layout hints necessary to get your result.
Stick to using JavaFX only or Swing only code until you are familar with both styles of code development and really need to mix them.
Use the SceneBuilder tool to play around with different layouts and get familiar with JavaFX layout mechanisms.
Study the JavaFX layout tutorial.
Review a presentation on JavaFX layout.
To center a stage the screen call stage.centerOnScreen().
Consider using the built-in dialog support of Java 8u40 (when it is released).
Hi-dpi support
See the answer to:
JavaFX 8 HiDPI Support
FXML based sample code for your dialog
You can load the following up in SceneBuilder to easily display it: