I have a JMeter test with 2 Thread Groups - the first is a single thread (which creates some inventory) and the second has multiple threads (which purchase all the inventory

Just add a bean shell assertion use a property function to assign the value to a variable (like a global variable) which will hold the value even after it goes to other thread.
thread group >> Add >> Assertions >> Bean Shell Assertion
${__setProperty(Global_variable_Name,${Variable_name_whose_Value_to_be_Passed})}
and then in the other thread you can to call this global variable and can use it
below is the function you need to use to call the stored value:
${__property(global_variable_name)}
https://medium.com/@priyank.it/jmeter-passing-variables-between-threads-a4dc09903b59