I would like to query and store the current terminal color pair in BASH e.g.:
#!/bin/bash
#some ANSI colour escape sequences
red=\"\\033[0;31m\"
grn=\"\\033[0;3
The question was about the current color, not the cursor position.
Both are "nonstandard" (though the latter, cursor position report is implemented by anything which has a valid claim to "VT100 emulator").
However, xterm implements a set of escape sequences referred to as dynamic colors, which predate the ANSI color functionality. Those set the working colors including text foreground and background. I modified this in 2002 to allow an application to send the sequence with a "?" rather than a color to tell xterm to return the color value, e.g.,
OSC 1 1 ? ST
using the notation given in XTerm Control Sequences