Calculate image differences in C#

Question

How could I generate a System.Drawing.Image that contains the differences between the pixels of two other images?

Something similar to GitHub does, but writ

Answer 1

Here's a quick and dirty implementation:

void Main()
{
    var a = (Bitmap)Image.FromFile("image1.png");
    var b = (Bitmap)Image.FromFile("image2.png");
    var diff = PixelDiff(a, b);
}

unsafe Bitmap PixelDiff(Bitmap a, Bitmap b)
{
    Bitmap output = new Bitmap(a.Width, a.Height, PixelFormat.Format32bppArgb);
    Rectangle rect = new Rectangle(Point.Empty, a.Size);
    using (var aData = a.LockBitsDisposable(rect, ImageLockMode.ReadOnly, PixelFormat.Format32bppArgb))
    using (var bData = b.LockBitsDisposable(rect, ImageLockMode.ReadOnly, PixelFormat.Format32bppArgb))
    using (var outputData = output.LockBitsDisposable(rect, ImageLockMode.ReadWrite, PixelFormat.Format32bppArgb))
    {
        byte* aPtr = (byte*)aData.Scan0;
        byte* bPtr = (byte*)bData.Scan0;
        byte* outputPtr = (byte*)outputData.Scan0;
        int len = aData.Stride * aData.Height;
        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
        {
            // For alpha use the average of both images (otherwise pixels with the same alpha won't be visible)
            if ((i + 1) % 4 == 0)
                *outputPtr = (byte)((*aPtr  + *bPtr) / 2);
            else
                *outputPtr = (byte)~(*aPtr ^ *bPtr);

            outputPtr++;
            aPtr++;
            bPtr++;
        }
    }
    return output;
}

static class Extensions
{
    public static DisposableImageData LockBitsDisposable(this Bitmap bitmap, Rectangle rect, ImageLockMode flags, PixelFormat format)
    {
        return new DisposableImageData(bitmap, rect, flags, format);
    }

    public class DisposableImageData : IDisposable
    {
        private readonly Bitmap _bitmap;
        private readonly BitmapData _data;

        internal DisposableImageData(Bitmap bitmap, Rectangle rect, ImageLockMode flags, PixelFormat format)
        {
            bitmap.CheckArgumentNull("bitmap");
            _bitmap = bitmap;
            _data = bitmap.LockBits(rect, flags, format);
        }

        public void Dispose()
        {
            _bitmap.UnlockBits(_data);
        }

        public IntPtr Scan0
        {
            get { return _data.Scan0; }
        }

        public int Stride
        {
            get { return _data.Stride;}
        }

        public int Width
        {
            get { return _data.Width;}
        }

        public int Height
        {
            get { return _data.Height;}
        }

        public PixelFormat PixelFormat
        {
            get { return _data.PixelFormat;}
        }

        public int Reserved
        {
            get { return _data.Reserved;}
        }
    }   
}

Notes:

• this implementation assumes that both images have the same size, which might not be the case... taking different sizes into account is possible of course, just a little harder.
• the LockBitsDisposable method is just a convenience, if you prefer you can use the standard LockBits method (but don't forget to unlock the bits when you're done)