I\'d like to achieve a custom-colored shape like this using no Javascript:

Curren
Ana's answer inspired me to try another approach, one that's just as far from perfect, but is at least symmetrical. Here's a preview at real-size and blown up. It's simply a border-hack trangle wrapped in a clipping circle/border-radius:

And the code (adjust the overall size via single font-size property):
.triangle {
font-size: .8em;
position: relative;
width: 3.8em;
height: 3.8em;
text-align: center;
margin: 10% auto 0;
overflow: hidden;
border-radius: 100%;
}
.triangle:before {
content: '';
position: absolute;
width:0;
height: 0;
border: solid 2em transparent;
border-bottom-color: orange;
border-bottom-width: 3.2em;
border-top-width: 0;
margin: -.3em -2em;
}
Play with it here: http://dabblet.com/gist/4590714