I know you can edit the bash prompt permanently by editing the PS1 variable in your ~/.bashrc file, mine looks like this:
PS1=\"\\[\\e[0;31m\\]
The closer you'll get are white and black flags:
⚐ → U+2690 ; WHITE FLAG ⚑ → U+2691 ; BLACK FLAG
The above are Unicode characters. You could also look for a font with flags - I don't know of any.