I did not want to post here but I could not find the answer I was looking for and I do not have enough reputation to comment on other VERY SIMILAR questions to get my exact answ
I found a solution which is not elegant but works for my purposes.
I was trying to use cookies before but I didn't set the cookie path so it was only available to the page it was set on.
I am now setting a cookie with the donation price:
setcookie("donation", $_GET['donation'], 0, "/");
Then I am setting the price like so:
add_action( 'woocommerce_before_calculate_totals', 'woo_add_donation');
function woo_add_donation() {
global $woocommerce;
foreach ( WC()->cart->get_cart() as $cart_item_key => $cart_item ) {
if($cart_item['data']->id == 358 && ! empty($_COOKIE['donation'])){
$cart_item['data']->set_price($_COOKIE['donation']);
}
}
}