Mathematical (Arithmetic) representation of XOR

Question

I have spent the last 5 hours searching for an answer. Even though I have found many answers they have not helped in any way.

What I am basically looking for is a mathem

Answer 1

It may be possible to adapt and optimize this solution for 32-bit unsigned integers. It's complicated and it uses logarithms but seems to be the most universal one as it can be used on any integer number. Additionaly, you'll have to check if it really works for all number combinations.