Cannot find reference 'xxx' in __init__.py - Python / Pycharm

问题:

I have a project in Pycharm organized as follows:

-- Sources    |--__init__.py    |--Calculators       |--__init__.py       |--Filters.py    |--Controllers       |--__init__.py       |--FiltersController.py    |--Viewers       |--__init__.py       |--DataVisualization.py    |--Models       |--__init__.py       |--Data 

All of my __init__.py, except for the one right above Sources are blank files. I am receiving a lot of warnings of the kind:

Cannot find reference 'xxx' in __init__.py

For example, my FiltersController.py has this piece of code:

import numpy.random as npr  bootstrap = npr.choice(image_base.data[max(0, x-2):x+3, max(0, y-2):y+3].flatten(), size=(3, 3), replace=True) 

And I get this warning:

Cannot find reference 'choice' in __init__.py

I'm googling wondering what does this mean and what should I do to code properly in Python.

Thank you in advance.

回答1:

This is a bug in pycharm. PyCharm seems to be expecting the referenced module to be included in an __all__ = [] statement.

For proper coding etiquette, should you include the __all__ statement from your modules? ..this is actually the question we hear young Spock answering while he was being tested, to which he responded: "It is morally praiseworthy but not morally obligatory."

To get around it, you can simply disable that (extremely non-critical) (highly useful) inspection globally, or suppress it for the specific function or statement.

To do so:

• put the caret over the erroring text ('choice', from your example above)
• Bring up the intention menu (alt-enter by default, mine is set to alt-backspace)
• hit the right arrow to open the submenu, and select the relevant action

PyCharm has its share of small bugs like this, but in my opinion its benefits far outweigh its drawbacks. If you'd like to try another good IDE, there's also Spyder/Spyderlib.

I know this is quite a bit after you asked your question, but I hope this helps (you, or someone else).

Edited: Originally, I thought that this was specific to checking __all__, but it looks like it's the more general 'Unresolved References' check, which can be very useful. It's probably best to use statement-level disabling of the feature, either by using the menu as mentioned above, or by specifying # noinspection PyUnresolvedReferences on the line preceding the statement.

回答2:

You should first take a look at this. This explains what happens when you import a package. For convenience:

The import statement uses the following convention: if a package’s __init__.py code defines a list named __all__, it is taken to be the list of module names that should be imported when from package import * is encountered. It is up to the package author to keep this list up-to-date when a new version of the package is released. Package authors may also decide not to support it, if they don’t see a use for importing * from their package.

So PyCharm respects this by showing a warning message, so that the author can decide which of the modules get imported when * from the package is imported. Thus this seems to be useful feature of PyCharm (and in no way can it be called a bug, I presume). You can easily remove this warning by adding the names of the modules to be imported when your package is imported in the __all__ variable which is list, like this

__init__.py

from . import MyModule1, MyModule2, MyModule3 __all__ = [MyModule1, MyModule2, MyModule3] 

After you add this, you can ctrl+click on these module names used in any other part of your project to directly jump to the declaration, which I often find very useful.

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