How to use valgrind with python?

问题:

I am trying to memcheck a C python extension I am writing, but I'm having trouble setting up valgrind to work with python. I would really appreciate some advice. Just for context, this is Ubuntu 13.10, python 2.7.5+, and valgrind 3.8.1.

As per recommendation from Readme.valgrind I did the following.

1) Downloaded the python source with

sudo apt-get build-dep python2.7 apt-get source python2.7 

2) Applied the code patch, i.e. "Uncomment Py_USING_MEMORY_DEBUGGER in Objects/obmalloc.c".

3) Applied the suppression patch, i.e. "Uncomment the lines in Misc/valgrind-python.supp that suppress the warnings for PyObject_Free and PyObject_Realloc"

4) Compiled python with

./configure --prefix=/home/dejan/workspace/python --without-pymalloc make -j4 install 

Note that I did both 2 and 3, while README.valgrind says to do 2 or 3... more can't hurt.

Now, let's test this on some sample python code in test.py

print "Test" 

Let's run valgrind on python with this script

valgrind --tool=memcheck --leak-check=full --suppressions=python2.7-2.7.5/Misc/valgrind-python.supp bin/python test.py 

Unexpectedly, there is still loads of reports from valgrind, with the first one being (and many more following)

==27944== HEAP SUMMARY: ==27944==     in use at exit: 857,932 bytes in 5,144 blocks   ==27944==   total heap usage: 22,766 allocs, 17,622 frees, 4,276,934 bytes allocated ==27944==  ==27944== 38 bytes in 1 blocks are possibly lost in loss record 24 of 1,343 ==27944==    at 0x4C2A2DB: malloc (in /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so) ==27944==    by 0x46B8DD: PyString_FromString (stringobject.c:143) ==27944==    by 0x439631: PyFile_FromFile (fileobject.c:157) ==27944==    by 0x4E9B4A: _PySys_Init (sysmodule.c:1383) ==27944==    by 0x4E29E9: Py_InitializeEx (pythonrun.c:222) ==27944==    by 0x4154B4: Py_Main (main.c:546) ==27944==    by 0x577DDE4: (below main) (libc-start.c:260) 

Am I doing something wrong? Is there a way to valgrind a python script that doesn't leak and get clean valgrind output?

回答1:

I found the answer here.

Python also needs to be compiled in debug mode, i.e.

./configure --prefix=/home/dejan/workspace/python --without-pymalloc --with-pydebug --with-valgrind 

In addition, numpy has a suppresion file that gets rid of the extra valgrind warnings.

回答2:

Since python 3.6, there's a PYTHONMALLOC environment variable which is available in release builds, without needing to recompile.

PYTHONMALLOC=malloc python3 foobar.py 

This will disable pymalloc and just use the libc malloc directly, making it valgrind-friendly. This is equivalent to --without-pymalloc (and it is just as slow)

If valgrind is too slow, other values can be helpful. PYTHONMALLOC=debug and PYTHONMALLOC=malloc_debug add debug hooks on top of the default and the libc allocators respectively. Their effects, from the docs:

• Newly allocated memory is filled with the byte 0xCB
• Freed memory is filled with the byte 0xDB
• Detect violations of the Python memory allocator API. For example, PyObject_Free() called on a memory block allocated by PyMem_Malloc().
• Detect writes before the start of a buffer (buffer underflows)
• Detect writes after the end of a buffer (buffer overflows)
• Check that the GIL is held when allocator functions of PYMEM_DOMAIN_OBJ (ex: PyObject_Malloc()) and PYMEM_DOMAIN_MEM (ex: PyMem_Malloc()) domains are called.

This will catch some uninitialized reads, some use after free, some buffer under/overflows, etc, but won't report leaks and won't touch memory that isn't allocated through python (When using glibc, the MALLOC_PERTURB_ and MALLOC_CHECK_ environment variables might help there)

See also:

• Details of the available values
• 3.6 release notes with usage notes
• Current location of README.valgrind

文章来源: How to use valgrind with python?